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	<title>Comments on: Fukushima Dai-Ichi: How a nuclear power plant works</title>
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	<description>Live from Japan !</description>
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		<title>By: Vasuki Naga</title>
		<link>http://en.akihabaranews.com/88158/environment/fukushima-dai-ichi-how-a-nuclear-power-plant-works#comment-88655</link>
		<dc:creator>Vasuki Naga</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 17 Mar 2011 20:39:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[One possible quick solution to cool the overheated fuel rods and reactors:
Spray water on the reactors using powerful water cannons mounted on whaling ships.

Japanese Whaling Ships are mounted with powerful water cannons to fight anti-whali­ng ships from a distance. Similarly, anti-whali­ng ships are also equipped powerful water cannons. Using water cannons mounted on ships, water can be sprayed on the overheated reactors round the clock, until the reactors cool down and the radiation level goes down.

Please inform Japanese authorities, if it is a suitable solution. It can be quickly implemented, since Japan has lot of whaling ships.

Demonstration of the powerful water cannons mounted on whaling ships:
http://www­.allvoices­.com/news/­7804731-se­a-shepherd­-attacks-j­apanese-wh­aling-ship­s-in-antar­ctic-ocean­-video/ima­ge/6484029­5-the-sea-­shepherd-s­hip-steve-­irwin-l-ex­changes-wa­ter-cannon­-fire-with­-the-japan­ese-whalin­g]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>One possible quick solution to cool the overheated fuel rods and reactors:<br />
Spray water on the reactors using powerful water cannons mounted on whaling ships.</p>
<p>Japanese Whaling Ships are mounted with powerful water cannons to fight anti-whali­ng ships from a distance. Similarly, anti-whali­ng ships are also equipped powerful water cannons. Using water cannons mounted on ships, water can be sprayed on the overheated reactors round the clock, until the reactors cool down and the radiation level goes down.</p>
<p>Please inform Japanese authorities, if it is a suitable solution. It can be quickly implemented, since Japan has lot of whaling ships.</p>
<p>Demonstration of the powerful water cannons mounted on whaling ships:<br />
<a href="http://www­.allvoices­.com/news/­7804731-se­a-shepherd­-attacks-j­apanese-wh­aling-ship­s-in-antar­ctic-ocean­-video/ima­ge/6484029­5-the-sea-­shepherd-s­hip-steve-­irwin-l-ex­changes-wa­ter-cannon­-fire-with­-the-japan­ese-whalin­g" rel="nofollow">http://www­.allvoices­.com/news/­7804731-se­a-shepherd­-attacks-j­apanese-wh­aling-ship­s-in-antar­ctic-ocean­-video/ima­ge/6484029­5-the-sea-­shepherd-s­hip-steve-­irwin-l-ex­changes-wa­ter-cannon­-fire-with­-the-japan­ese-whalin­g</a></p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Twostupiddogs</title>
		<link>http://en.akihabaranews.com/88158/environment/fukushima-dai-ichi-how-a-nuclear-power-plant-works#comment-88464</link>
		<dc:creator>Twostupiddogs</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Mar 2011 13:54:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Thank you so much for the article. Though its not very good news but it still give a sense of hope that things might get back to normal soon. I really hope that is that case and pray to god.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thank you so much for the article. Though its not very good news but it still give a sense of hope that things might get back to normal soon. I really hope that is that case and pray to god.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Arizona Jim</title>
		<link>http://en.akihabaranews.com/88158/environment/fukushima-dai-ichi-how-a-nuclear-power-plant-works#comment-88453</link>
		<dc:creator>Arizona Jim</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Mar 2011 04:21:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.akihabaranews.com/?p=88158#comment-88453</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[So this whole problem of plant overheating is the result of poorly thought out power backup and not by the nuke design itself? Amazing.
]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So this whole problem of plant overheating is the result of poorly thought out power backup and not by the nuke design itself? Amazing.</p>
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		<title>By: MixMasterFreshh</title>
		<link>http://en.akihabaranews.com/88158/environment/fukushima-dai-ichi-how-a-nuclear-power-plant-works#comment-88439</link>
		<dc:creator>MixMasterFreshh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Mar 2011 15:15:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Unfortunately, you are incorrect. This design uses the radioactive steam directly. You are probably thinking about CANDU reactors or similar.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Unfortunately, you are incorrect. This design uses the radioactive steam directly. You are probably thinking about CANDU reactors or similar.</p>
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		<title>By: Benjamindomingo</title>
		<link>http://en.akihabaranews.com/88158/environment/fukushima-dai-ichi-how-a-nuclear-power-plant-works#comment-88416</link>
		<dc:creator>Benjamindomingo</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Mar 2011 02:47:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[As far as I know the steam produced by the reactor is not directly the steam used by the turbine.There is another circuit or heat exchanger not directly hooked up with this radioactive steam, In short there is another piping system with water being heated by the radioactive steam.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As far as I know the steam produced by the reactor is not directly the steam used by the turbine.There is another circuit or heat exchanger not directly hooked up with this radioactive steam, In short there is another piping system with water being heated by the radioactive steam.</p>
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		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://en.akihabaranews.com/88158/environment/fukushima-dai-ichi-how-a-nuclear-power-plant-works#comment-88413</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Mar 2011 01:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.akihabaranews.com/?p=88158#comment-88413</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thanks for the update!]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for the update!</p>
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		<title>By: fh</title>
		<link>http://en.akihabaranews.com/88158/environment/fukushima-dai-ichi-how-a-nuclear-power-plant-works#comment-88412</link>
		<dc:creator>fh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Mar 2011 00:58:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.akihabaranews.com/?p=88158#comment-88412</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Some corrections/clarifications to the timeline:
1) Earthquake triggered automatic shutdown of all reactors. Within a few seconds, control rods were inserted and the uranium reaction was stopped. What remained was the byproducts which continued to dissipate heat.
2) When main power grid was cut, diesel generators provided power to cooling pumps temporarily. But when the tsunami hit, diesel generators were damaged.
3) Batteries were then used supply power to the cooling pumps, while replacement diesel generators were flown in. It seems that there was an incompatibility with the replacement generators, however, which caused some delays in getting the cooling started.
4) The reactors are built with multiple backup sources of cooling sources, but it is unclear at this time the reasons why they were not or could not be used.

The two factors that had to be dealt with were pressure and heat. Regarding pressure:
1) The venting of the steam from the reactor core contained radioactive elements, but as the main uranium reaction had already been long stopped, the radioactive elements were minor byproducts which have very short half-lifes and pose no serious health risk.
2) Rather than venting the steam directly into the atmosphere, the operators must have decided to first vent it into the building containment in order to help contain the (harmless) radioactive elements locally. However, when releasing extreme pressure, hydrogen-oxygen bonds can quickly separate causing an explosive force. This is the presumed explanation for the explosion at reactor 1.
3) The reactor core and venting mechanisms were designed to prevent hydrogen-oxygen explosion from occurring from within the reactor core (which is what happened at Chernobyl), so there was no significant risk of a catastrophic explosion and release of serious radioactive material.

Regarding heat:
1) The uranium pellets will stand up to 3000°C heat (not 4000).
2) The pellets are housed in a Zircaloy containment (which makes up the fuel rod), itself capable of standing up to 2200°C.
3) A small amount of Cesium was detected in the steam, so it is assumed that the Zircaloy rods may have partially melted.
4) By the design of the outer containment vessel (to prevent any catastrophic explosion, as above), even if the fuel had melted and destroyed the reactor core, the melted elements would safely flow into the containment basin below the reactor, after which point operators would simply wait for the melted materials to cool and solidify, and then cleanup (at extreme expense, but no health risk).

Misc points:
1) Because of cooling the reactors with sea water, the reactor chambers will be contaminated with minerals (like salt) that would weaken the integrity of the structure. As a result, reactors 1 and 3 will almost certainly be decommissioned and dismantled (they are already at the end of their usable lifespan of 40 years).
2) Inspection of the remaining reactors (including those at Onagawa and Tokai) may take at least 6 months to 3 years or more. Electricity will be at 15% below capacity, and the current implementation of rolling blackouts may continue for a significant length of time.

For more detailed explanation, please see:
http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/03/13/fukushima-simple-explanation/]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Some corrections/clarifications to the timeline:<br />
1) Earthquake triggered automatic shutdown of all reactors. Within a few seconds, control rods were inserted and the uranium reaction was stopped. What remained was the byproducts which continued to dissipate heat.<br />
2) When main power grid was cut, diesel generators provided power to cooling pumps temporarily. But when the tsunami hit, diesel generators were damaged.<br />
3) Batteries were then used supply power to the cooling pumps, while replacement diesel generators were flown in. It seems that there was an incompatibility with the replacement generators, however, which caused some delays in getting the cooling started.<br />
4) The reactors are built with multiple backup sources of cooling sources, but it is unclear at this time the reasons why they were not or could not be used.</p>
<p>The two factors that had to be dealt with were pressure and heat. Regarding pressure:<br />
1) The venting of the steam from the reactor core contained radioactive elements, but as the main uranium reaction had already been long stopped, the radioactive elements were minor byproducts which have very short half-lifes and pose no serious health risk.<br />
2) Rather than venting the steam directly into the atmosphere, the operators must have decided to first vent it into the building containment in order to help contain the (harmless) radioactive elements locally. However, when releasing extreme pressure, hydrogen-oxygen bonds can quickly separate causing an explosive force. This is the presumed explanation for the explosion at reactor 1.<br />
3) The reactor core and venting mechanisms were designed to prevent hydrogen-oxygen explosion from occurring from within the reactor core (which is what happened at Chernobyl), so there was no significant risk of a catastrophic explosion and release of serious radioactive material.</p>
<p>Regarding heat:<br />
1) The uranium pellets will stand up to 3000°C heat (not 4000).<br />
2) The pellets are housed in a Zircaloy containment (which makes up the fuel rod), itself capable of standing up to 2200°C.<br />
3) A small amount of Cesium was detected in the steam, so it is assumed that the Zircaloy rods may have partially melted.<br />
4) By the design of the outer containment vessel (to prevent any catastrophic explosion, as above), even if the fuel had melted and destroyed the reactor core, the melted elements would safely flow into the containment basin below the reactor, after which point operators would simply wait for the melted materials to cool and solidify, and then cleanup (at extreme expense, but no health risk).</p>
<p>Misc points:<br />
1) Because of cooling the reactors with sea water, the reactor chambers will be contaminated with minerals (like salt) that would weaken the integrity of the structure. As a result, reactors 1 and 3 will almost certainly be decommissioned and dismantled (they are already at the end of their usable lifespan of 40 years).<br />
2) Inspection of the remaining reactors (including those at Onagawa and Tokai) may take at least 6 months to 3 years or more. Electricity will be at 15% below capacity, and the current implementation of rolling blackouts may continue for a significant length of time.</p>
<p>For more detailed explanation, please see:<br />
<a href="http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/03/13/fukushima-simple-explanation/" rel="nofollow">http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/03/13/fukushima-simple-explanation/</a></p>
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		<title>By: Gafletcher</title>
		<link>http://en.akihabaranews.com/88158/environment/fukushima-dai-ichi-how-a-nuclear-power-plant-works#comment-88411</link>
		<dc:creator>Gafletcher</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Mar 2011 00:53:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Its a lot more complicated than that. A zircaloy/water reaction produced a lot of Hydrogen gas and this was vented int o SBGT system which probably failed to contain the H2 and vent up the stack. It is a testamate to the good engineering of the GE BWR,s  ]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Its a lot more complicated than that. A zircaloy/water reaction produced a lot of Hydrogen gas and this was vented int o SBGT system which probably failed to contain the H2 and vent up the stack. It is a testamate to the good engineering of the GE BWR,s  </p>
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